These changes persist for some hours or days after impedance is removed. In rice, differences between cultivars in the ability of their roots to penetrate strong wax layers are not related to their elongation rates through uniformly strong media. Differences between species or cultivars in their ability to penetrate strong layers may be due to differences in the tendency of roots to deflect or buckle when they grow from a weak to a strong environment.
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Thus, plants may compensate the lower growth in compacted layers by growing more into the looser zones of the soil Fig. The study of phenotypic plasticity of RSA requires careful formulation of hypotheses, a clear definition of the plant material genotypes and environments used, and a suitable experimental design that takes into account possible nuisance variables such as environmental and developmental factors. All these requirements are needed to determine not only the presence but also the actual role of plasticity in plant tolerance to soil constraints.
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How do roots elongate in a structured soil? Shaping an optimal soil by root—soil interaction. Trends in Plant Science 22 , — Jones AC. Effect of soil texture on critical bulk densities for root growth. Soil Science Society of America Journal 47 , — Kay BD. Rates of change of soil structure under different cropping systems. In: Stewart BA , ed. Time will tell which of these distinct approaches will prove the most effective. Our findings have the potential to lead to protected or increased crop yields worldwide, especially given that soil compaction remains a persistent problem in intensive agriculture practices.
In Europe alone , 36 million hectares out of a total of 68 million hectares of farmed land is prone to soil compaction. Crops with roots that can penetrate deeper into this compacted soil will offer a number of obvious benefits. First, crop roots will be able to access sources of nutrients in deeper soil layers which are currently unavailable to them.
That will in turn support the growth of larger, healthier crops. Second, crop varieties that have more extensive root systems will be able to secure more reliable water sources, conferring greater resilience during periods of drought stress, which are set to increase with climate change.
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