Ibuprofen could impact liver health. Written by Maria Cohut, Ph. Share on Pinterest According to recent research in mice, ibuprofen may be more likely to damage the liver than doctors currently suspect.
Different effects on males vs. Exposure to air pollutants may amplify risk for depression in healthy individuals. Costs associated with obesity may account for 3. Related Coverage. Medically reviewed by Debra Rose Wilson, Ph. Is it safe to mix ibuprofen and alcohol? Aspirin can be very effective in preventing heart attacks, as it thins the blood. Doctors advise people with a history of heart disease to keep a bottle on hand.
Generic name: Ibuprofen. Branded as Advil, Motrin. Best for relieving swollen muscles, arthritis. Be careful if: You have kidney problems. Ibuprofen is metabolized by the kidneys and can damage the organs if taken too often. Each drug can pose different safety issues, especially if you have existing health conditions. How different can they be? Learn more to judge for yourself. Over-the-counter anti-inflammatory drugs help reduce pain.
Learn how they work. Also discover which ones are safe for children, warnings, and other…. But is Tylenol anti-inflammatory? Learn the answer to this question and important differences between these….
NSAIDs may be the most commonly used medications around, but like any medication, they have side effects. A new study looking into adverse effects from medication use found that anticoagulants and diabetes agents send a significant amount of adults ages 65…. We all experience pain. Fortunately, there are many ways to manage pain, whether that means treating the source of the pain or coping with the pain….
Federal officials have set up locations across the country on National Prescription Drug Take Back Day for people go properly dispose of their old…. Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. Ibuprofen vs. Some of the sex differences has also been linked to the expression of genes encoded by the X chromosome Other data also suggest that sex differences could occur at specific ages and in certain environments As such, we cannot assume that the sex related differences observed in this study is similar to what occurs at other ages.
In these current studies, the sex-related differences observed may be partly due to sex-related differences in drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters. The difference in the levels of CYP enzymes may also be related to the specific function of individual P enzymes and substrate specificity Moreover, oxidative stress and inflammatory factors can modulate CYPs transcription The increased oxidative stress in males could explain the lower expression of CYP4A1 in response to ibuprofen treatment.
Although localized to peroxisomes, CROT is essential for transport of medium and long length acyl-CoA chains from peroxisomes to the cytosol and mitochondria for further degradation The age and sexual maturity of the mice used may also be important in the levels of the enzymes involved in sex hormone biosynthesis and may be partly responsible for some of the observed gender specific differences. Our study observed gender-specific ibuprofen-mediated effects on mice liver.
However, since the proteomic profiling was only done on male mice, the liver proteins and pathways investigated by Western blotting and biochemical assays were limited only to proteins which were identified as differentially regulated in liver of male mice.
It is likely that female-specific changes in protein expression also occur in ibuprofen treated livers and these changes were not investigated. The effects observed may also be age specific and could be significantly different in mice of different ages. Mass spectrometry showed that moderate levels of ibuprofen given to healthy mice for seven days resulted in over proteins that were significantly altered when compared to control groups.
Western blotting and biological assays showed that livers from male and female mice showed differences in the UPS, glycolysis and fatty acid metabolism. It is likely that many of the other pathways that were affected by ibuprofen also show gender differences, but these pathways were not investigated in this study. The data also suggests that ibuprofen affects previously unknown pathways such as amino acid, steroid and vitamin metabolism.
Overall, our data indicate that moderate doses of ibuprofen can affect liver more significantly than previously reported and include proteasome dysfunction, increased levels of H 2 O 2 , impaired glycolytic pathways and altered fatty acid synthesis and oxidation.
Although we expected similar differences between males and females with respect to ibuprofen treatment, complex gender-specific ibuprofen-mediated effects were observed. These gender-specific effects may be important for the side effects of ibuprofen such as increased risk of stroke and more research is needed to investigate this possibility.
The amounts of ibuprofen taken by males and females may need to be altered in the future. Although the published experimental data to support that males and females show important physiological differences that affect the pathophysiology of many common diseases is increasing at a steady pace, very little gender-specific health care is utilized worldwide.
Ultimately, gender should be considered in drug use, as the toxicity of some drugs is significantly different between women and men. All Western Blot raw data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article Supplementary Figure 4. The datasets generated during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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